Morphological analysis of the skeletal development in lateral cephalometric radiographs of HIV infected children ongoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

BACKGROUND: To investigate the skeletal development of HIV infected children through a morphological analysis of the cervical vertebrae (CV) in lateral cephalometric radiographs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 86 lateral cephalometric radiographs of male and female children aged between 6 and 14 years old. The radiographs were equally distributed in groups 1 (HIV infected children) and 2 (non-infected children, paired by sex and age). Two examiners analyzed the CV according to the method of Hassel and Farman (1995). Spearman correlation coefficient was used to associate age and skeletal development within groups, while Mann-Whitney test compared the skeletal development between groups. RESULTS: The correlation of age and skeletal development in group 1 reached 0.17, 0.27 and 0.27 (p > 0.05) for C2, C3 and C4, respectively, while in group 2 it reached 0.65, 0.54 and 0.60, respectively (p < 0.001). Differences were not significant between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HIV infected and non-infected children showed a similar development of the CV. However, the weak correlation between age and CV development in HIV infected children highlights the need for careful decisions prior to therapeutic approaches - especially those founded on the prediction of skeletal development, such as maxillofacial surgeries, and orthopedic and orthodontic procedures

Avaliação radiográfica do desenvolvimento dental em portadores de diabetes mellitus 1 ­ enfoque clínico e pericial / Radiographic assessment of the dental development in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 ­ clinical and forensic approach

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus do tipo 1 (DM1) é um distúrbio metabólico capaz de afetar o desenvolvimento do portador. O conhecimento deste tema permitirá ao Cirurgião-dentista planejar com maior segurança procedimentos clínicos que dependem da resposta biológica do paciente, e realizar perícias de estimativa de idade de forma mais precisa. Objetivo: Avaliar o desenvolvimento dental em portadores de DM1 correlacionando duas técnicas para estimativa de idade. Métodos: Foram analisadas 90 radiografias panorâmicas de indivíduos com idades entre 5-16 anos, distribuídas nos grupos caso (n=45) e controle (n=45). Foram avaliados os estágios de calcificação dos dentes 36 e 37 segundo Demirjian et al. (1973) e o irrompimento dental segundo Lewis e Garn (1960). Resultados: Para o dente 36, observou-se maior prevalência de indivíduos do grupo controle com dentes irrompidos no estágio H em relação ao grupo caso (75,6% e 71,1%, respectivamente). Para o dente 37, observou-se maior prevalência de indivíduos do grupo controle com dentes irrompidos no estágio G em relação ao grupo caso (40,0% e 35,6%, respectivamente). Diferença estatisticamente significante não foram observadas entre os grupos quando os métodos foram analisados independentemente (valores de p>0,05). Conclusão: Desenvolvimento dental similar foi observado entre os grupos caso e controle. Perícias forenses de estimativa de idade em pacientes DM1 devem priorizar métodos radiográficos que examinam os estágios de calcificação dental.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is a metabolic disorder able to impact within development. The knowledge around this topic will allow the Dentist to plan safer clinical procedures that depend on the biological response of the patients, as well to performed age estimation expertises more accurately. Objective: To assess the dental development in DM1 patients correlating two techniques for age estimation. Methods: A sample of 90 panoramic radiographs of subjects aged between 5-16 years old, distributed in groups case (n=45) and control (n=45). Dental development was assessed considering the calcification stages of the teeth 36 and 37 according to Demirjian et al. (1973) and the dental eruption of the same teeth according to Lewis and Garn (1960). Results: For the tooth 36, more subjects were observed in the control group with erupted teeth in stage H than in the case group (75.6% and 71.1%, respectively). For the tooth 37, more subjects were observed in the control group with erupted teeth in stage G than in the case group (40.0% and 35.6%, respectively). Statistically significant differences were not observed considering the techniques separately (p>0.05). Conclusion: Similar dental development was observed between DM1 and control patients. Forensic expertises in DM1 patients could be performed using radiographic techniques that assess the dental calcification stages.

Estratégias criativas no processo ensinoaprendizagem da Radiologia Odontológica / Creative strategies in the teaching-learning of Dental Radiology

Embora tenha havido avanços na prática da Educação no Brasil, ainda se observa a ocorrência do ensino centrado na figura do professor. Um dos desafios da Educação Superior é criar novos modelos pedagógicos que promovam a capacidade criativa dos estudantes, pois existe um esgotamento do modelo tradicional de ensino. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar qual estratégia de ensino mais favoreceu o aprendizado da Radiologia Odontológica em uma Universidade brasileira. Foi distribuído um questionário contendo 7 perguntas referentes aos métodos de ensino adotados na disciplina. Participaram 85 acadêmicos (média de idade de 20,1±1,4 anos), dos segundos semestres de 2014 e 2015. Destes, 16 do sexo masculino e 69 do feminino. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística no programa SPSS™ 20.0. Observou-se que os métodos que mais favoreceram o aprendizado dos alunos e contribuíram para o aumento do interesse dos alunos foram: atividades divertidas (98,8%); aula prática (89,4%); gincana organizada pelos monitores (69,4%); apresentação oral de um artigo científico (62,4%); filme sobre tópico da disciplina (50,6%). Apesar de o ensino centrado no professor ser considerado um modelo desgastado, a aula expositiva, quando mais curta e dinâmica, foi considerada importante ferramenta para o aprendizado,segundo 87,1% dos acadêmicos. Além disso, 98,8% afirmaram que a conduta do professor faz diferença no processo nsinoaprendizagem. Concluiu-se que atividades dinâmicas foram as que mais motivaram o aprendizado dos alunos. O uso de estratégias criativas nas aulas é importante no processo educativo e demonstrou ter sido apreciado pelos alunos (AU).

While there have been advances in the practice of education in Brazil, also observed the occurrence of education centered on the teacher's figure. One of the challenges of higher education is to create new educational models that promote the creative ability of the students, because there is a breakdown of the traditional model of education. This study aimed to identify which teaching strategy most favored the learning of Dental Radiology in a Brazilian University. A questionnaire containing seven questions concerning the teaching methods adopted in the discipline was distributed. Participated 85 students (average age 20.1 ± 1.4 years), the second half of 2014 and 2015. Of these, 16 males and 69 females. Data were tabulated and submitted to descriptive analysis in SPSS ™ 20.0. It was observed that the methods that have contributed most to student learning were fun activities (98.8%); practical class (89.4%); gymkhana organized by the monitors (69.4%); oral presentation of a scientific paper (62.4%); film on the topic of discipline (50.6%). Although the student-centered teacher be considered a failed model, the lecture, when shorter and dynamic, was considered an important tool for learning second 87.1% of the students. In addition, 98.8% said that the teacher's attitude makes a difference in the teaching-learning process. It was concluded that dynamic activities were the most favored learning. The use of creative strategies in the classroom is important in the educational process and shown to have been appreciated by the students (AU).

Assessment of skeletal and dental ages of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The present study aimed to assess the skeletal and dental ages of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Therefore, panoramic and hand-wrist radiographs of 82 patients, aged between 5 and 15 years, were collected and divided into case and control groups. The case group consisted of 41 panoramic and 41 hand-wrist radiographs of T1DM patients, whereas the control group consisted of 41 panoramic and 41 hand-wrist radiographs of patients without T1DM. Skeletal age was assessed according to the method of Greulich and Pyle (1999), whereas dental age was assessed according to the method of Nolla (1960). Chi-square tests revealed no statistically significant differences between skeletal and dental ages between the case and control groups (p > 0.05). However, in the case group, the skeletal age of females was greater than that of age-matched males (p = 0.005). Considering that skeletal and dental growth of the case and control groups were closely related, clinical interventions involving orthodontics and dentomaxillofacial orthopedics should be equally performed both for healthy and specific patient groups, such as those with T1DM.

Assessment of skeletal and dental ages of children and adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

The present study aimed to assess the skeletal and dental ages of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Therefore, panoramic and hand-wrist radiographs of 82 patients, aged between 5 and 15 years, were collected and divided into case and control groups. The case group consisted of 41 panoramic and 41 hand-wrist radiographs of T1DM patients, whereas the control group consisted of 41 panoramic and 41 hand-wrist radiographs of patients without T1DM. Skeletal age was assessed according to the method of Greulich and Pyle (1999), whereas dental age was assessed according to the method of Nolla (1960). Chi-square tests revealed no statistically significant differences between skeletal and dental ages between the case and control groups (p > 0.05). However, in the case group, the skeletal age of females was greater than that of age-matched males (p = 0.005). Considering that skeletal and dental growth of the case and control groups were closely related, clinical interventions involving orthodontics and dentomaxillofacial orthopedics should be equally performed both for healthy and specific patient groups, such as those with T1DM.

Cone beam computed tomography and applicability in Dentistry: literature review

Introduction: An appropriate treatment planing is essential for successful rehabilitation in Dentistry. The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) represents a valuable resource in dental practice because it allows the establishment of a precise treatment plan by means of diagnostic imaging. Objective: To review the literature on CBCT. The history of development of this technique, its benefits and its applicability in different areas in Dentistry will be considered. Literature review: The CBCT offers advantages over the quality and quantity of anatomical data and promises less distortion of the image with low doses of radiation. It has been established as a valuable technique in the dental specialties. Conclusion: The use of CBCT as a diagnostic method must have precise and appropriate indication to provide adequate cost-benefit effectiveness in the patient's treatment.